Chapter 8: Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement

The way Policing evolve was by the mutual pledge system which is a system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages, in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors. Crown is like a system of mutual responsibility and shared penalties are designed to ensure all members of the community made conscientious effort to control crime. Which by then shire reeve is a modern term called sheriff that they are known to control crime, which they are a Crown. The Justice of peace has assisted the sheriff to enforce the law. The new police Bobbies are like the preventive police which are the first organized police department in London, that established in the 1829. Eight decades ago, since the beginning of a movement of police is going into professionalism, crime commissions included the Chicago Crime Commission, the National Crime Commission, and the Wickersham Commission, that they focus on the improvement on operation of the criminal justice system as the best way to reduce crime. As well as Professionalization they are changes in police organization, administration, and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals.  That’s why we have Law enforcements, local police, and homeland security to protect the community. State police are enforcement agencies primarily engaged in highway patrol activities. About half of state police agencies also have the authority to conduct investigative work. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies can enforce only laws acted by the Congress. Also, transnational law enforcement which are international agreements and law enforcement efforts that attempt to serve the interests of all nations in the face of the growth of international travel, the transnational, nature of the Internet, and the threat of international organized crime and terrorism.