Chapter 14: Probation and Community Corrections

Community Corrections is sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison (such as monetary penalties, probation, intensive supervision, and home confinement with electronic monitoring), or supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served (such as parole, work release, furloughs, and halfway houses). Sanctions are ways to punish or place restrictions on offenders. There are two different types of Sanctions or ways to punish or place restrictions on offenders. which are the Sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison, such as monetary penalties, probation, intensive supervision, and home confinement with electronic monitoring and Supervision which is in the community after a sentence f incarceration has been served. Here the goal is to promote a smooth transition from confinement to freedom. Parole, work release, furloughs, and halfway houses fall into this category. During the 1800 fines and whippings were the two most common penalties. Probation is a criminal sentence of community supervision of the offender that is conducted by a probation officer. Like Classification of offenders, Condition of Probation, and Supervision of Offenders. Intermediate Sanctions are sentencers designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation, yet something less expensive than incarceration. Intensive supervision is a probation or parole for which jurisdictions maintain small caseloads, make frequent contact with offenders under supervision, and require special conditions such as random drug tests, curfews, restitution to victims, electronic monitoring, or house arrest. Confinement and Monitoring are like house arrest which is the condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work, school, treatment, or other approved reasons, electronic monitoring which is the surveillance of offenders in the community by means of electronic devices such as radio and telephone transmitters, and net widening is the process by which more offenders end up being placed under supervision of the criminal justice system even though the intent of a program was to divert offenders out of the system. The way Ex-Offenders Return to the Community after Prison is by parole which is like the good-time credits which is the small reductions in the time to be served, awarded to inmates for each day on which they obey prison rules. As well as maxing out which release from incarceration after the offender has served the entire sentence without every being granted parole or accumulating enough good-time credits to justify early release. Further more, Parole Release which is the prisoner release decided by a parole board consisting of corrections officials and political appointees who evaluate the inmate's record and his or her behavior in prison to determine whether the inmate will be released to serve the remainder of the sentence under community supervision, work release are programs that permits eligible inmates to work during the day at regular jobs in the outside world, returning to the jail or prison at night, study release is a program similar to work release, in which an inmate attends school by day and returns to jail or prison at night. Pardon is a reprieve from a governor or from the president that excuses a convicted offender and allows release from prison without any supervision and commutation is a modification or reduction of a sentence imposed on an offender.